Know Your Hanko and Inkan Seals

In Japan, seals or stamps known as Hanko and Inkan seals have been an integral part of personal and business transactions for centuries. These seals serve as an alternative to handwritten signatures and are used to indicate agreement or approval of legal documents, contracts, bank transactions, and many more. Despite the rise of digital signatures, hanko and inkan seals remain relevant in Japanese society, and are considered essential for conducting business and personal affairs.

Hanko seals are traditionally made of wood, ivory, or stone, and feature a person's name or personal symbol. Inkan seals, on the other hand, are made of metal and often include the name of a company or organization. In recent years, however, both hanko and inkan seals have also been made from synthetic materials, such as plastic and rubber.

Personal Hankos are used for personal transactions, such as signing documents, contracts, and bank transactions. There are several types of personal hankos, including Mitome-in, Ginko-in, Jitsu-in, and Kaku-in.

Mitome-in is a basic hanko that is used to show agreement or acknowledgement, similar to a signature. This type of hanko is typically used for personal transactions and does not require registration.

Ginko-in is a hanko used for bank transactions. It is registered with the bank and serves as a personal identification mark for the account holder.

Jitsu-in is a registered hanko that is used for more important personal transactions, such as the purchase or sale of property. This hanko is registered with the local government and is considered a legal identification mark.

Kaku-in is a more formal and intricate hanko that is used for the most significant personal transactions, such as marriage or adoption. This type of hanko is registered with the government and is considered a legal identification mark.

Business hankos, also known as Kaisha Jitsu-in, are used for official company transactions, such as signing contracts or authorizing financial transactions. The company's name is typically engraved on the hanko, along with the name of the person authorized to use the seal.

Hanko seals prices vary depending on the materials used to make them, the complexity of the design, and the type of registration required. A basic personal hanko made from synthetic materials can cost around 1,000 yen, while a high-end personal hanko made from ivory or stone can cost upwards of 100,000 yen. Business hankos are typically more expensive, with prices ranging from several thousand to tens of thousands of yen.

Despite the rise of digital signatures and technological advancements, hanko and inkan seals remain an essential part of Japanese culture and business practices. They serve as a unique identification mark and symbol of trust in personal and business transactions and are deeply rooted in tradition and custom. With various types of hankos available for personal and business use, individuals and companies alike can find the perfect hanko to suit their needs and preferences.